Aboriginal History:
Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage
http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/index_e.shtml
This online exhibit from the Canadian Museum of Civilization is an excellent resource for students that want to learn about the heritage of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. The website features historical and contemporary objects, images and documents that show the cultural diversity as well as the creativity, resourcefulness, and endurance of Canada’s First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples.
http://www.civilization.ca/research-and-collections/research/online-resources-for-canadian-heritage/ethnology-1/indigenous-peoples-canada/ 
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/native-people
http://www.metismuseum.ca/exhibits/heritage/
This section of the Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture contains interviews and historical photographs to tell the history of Métis elders and veterans.
Fur Trade:
Exploration: The Fur Trade and Hudson’s Bay Company
http://www.canadiana.ca/hbc/intro_e.html
This website shows how the fur trade led to the exploration of the country and the formation of the oldest and largest company in Canadian history, the Hudson’s Bay Company. This site has been written for students from aged 9 and up, and includes primary sources (maps, paintings, diaries) throughout. There are also helpful links to other sites.
Fur Trade Stories
http://www.furtradestories.ca
This website is broken into three time periods and includes an array of primary and secondary sources. 
Military History (see also separate page here) 
Stories of Courage: Saskatchewan Second World War Veterans Remember
Teaching Guides and Videos to support Social Studies, English Language Arts, Math, Science and Arts Education Curricula for Grades 6 thru
2014 - Centennial of the start of the First World War
Canada’s participation in the First World War shaped the country and Canadian identity. More than 600,000 Canadians served in the First World War, while more than 60,000 Canadians lost their lives. This is an opportunity to honour those who served.
2014 - 75th anniversary of the start of the Second World War 
More than one million Canadian men and women enlisted, while more than 44,000 gave their lives in the fight for peace and freedom in the Second World War. Three quarters (77 percent) of Canadians believe that the men and women who served in the Second World War deserve to be called “the greatest generation.”
Canadian War Museum
http://www.warmuseum.ca/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/
This virtual museum includes exhibits about the First World War, Canada’s Naval History, War of 1812, Afghanistan and a chronology of Canadian military history to name a few. The exhibit about the First World War includes an introduction, history, objects and photos and how to access information found at the Canadian War Museum.
Veterans Affairs Canada
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/information-for/students
This website includes information about the history of the South African War, First World War, Second World War, Korean War and the Canadian Armed Forces. Also included are stories of veterans who served in these conflicts including Aboriginal-Canadian Veterans, Black Canadians in Uniform, Chinese-Canadian Veterans, Women and the War as well as information about the Canadian Red Cross, Christmas at the Front, Heroes Remember, et cetera. This website also includes a video gallery. 
CBC Archives
http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/war-conflict/
This website includes original source audio and video for the First World War, Second World War, Cold War, Vietnam War, Korean War, 1991 Gulf War, Peacekeeping, War Crimes and other war and conflict topics.
The Memory Project
http://www.thememoryproject.com/
This website includes original source video and audio of veterans from the First World War, Second World War, Korean War and Peacekeeping. There is also an Image Gallery of artefacts from Canada’s military past. This website provides the opportunity to learn first-hand about the experience of veterans. 
Canadian Encyclopedia
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/browse/Events/Military%20Engagements/
This website includes detailed information about the War of 1812, First World War, Second World War, Seven Years War, Dieppe Raid, Vimy Ridge, Korean War, Battle of Ypres, et cetera. This website also includes a list of suggested readings at the end of each article.
The Canadian Wartime Experience
http://umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/canada_war/
This website includes information about the archival information (original sources) available at the University of Manitoba related to the Red River Resistance, Boer War, First World War, Second World War, Korean War, Vietnam War. This website also includes an “Ask a Librarian” feature that provides you with the opportunity to request copies of these original source documents.
Canadian Letters & Images Project
http://www.canadianletters.ca/collectionsMain.php
This website includes original source information (correspondence, diaries, photographs, postcards and miscellaneous items) of people and is separated according to pre-1914 collections, First World War, Second World War, Korea collections and post Korea collections. This provides researchers with the opportunity to select a person and read about their personal experiences during these conflicts. 
Saskatchewan Military Museum
http://www.saskatchewanmilitarymuseum.com/index.php
This website includes information about the Saskatchewan Military Museum. The website gives you the opportunity to contact the Museum directly about visiting. The Saskatchewan Military Museum is located in Room 112 (north end) of the Regina Armouries, 1600 Elphinstone Street, Regina. Other artifacts are displayed in the Royal United Services Institute, Regina, and in the Historical Vehicle Park at the LCol CV Currie, VC Armoury Moose Jaw.
Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/military_history_of_saskatchewan.html
This website includes a synopsis of the Military History of Saskatchewan including information about early military history, 1885 North-West Resistance, First World War, Second World War, Cold War and Present Day. Also included is a list of suggested further readings on these topics. 
Pioneers and Immigration:
Passages to Canada Digital Archives
http://passagestocanada.com/videos/
This website includes the personal stories of people immigrating to Canada from numerous countries and includes videos of their stories. This website includes a lesson plan using the beCOMING Canada videos to understand the pull and push factors for immigration 
The Canadian West
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/canadian-west/052901_e.html
This exhibition from Collections Canada explores several aspects of European arrival and settlement in the Canadian West, and provides a glimpse of those people who helped forge the new society and bring about enormous change to the West. The website includes art, medals, maps, and photographs.
Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1876-1914
http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/prairie_immigration/educational_site/index.shtml
This website is designed to be an interactive, multi-media learning tool designed to help individuals learn about immigration in Canada after Confederation and before the First World War, the major immigrant groups that made the journey, and the challenges faced by these new immigrants upon their arrival in Canada. 
Canadian Immigration – specific topics:
Anti-Slavery Movement in Canada
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/anti-slavery/index-e.html
To commemorate the 150th anniversary of the establishment of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada in 1851, Library and Archives Canada created this online exhibition to tell the story of the Anti-Slavery Society in Canada, early Black settlement and communities, and the effect of the American Civil War. The website includes many letters, pamphlets, paintings, and drawings about these topics. 
Chinese Canadian Historical Photo Exhibit
http://www.ccnc.ca/toronto/history/index.html
This website provides a history of Chinese people in Canada from 1858 to current day. The website has organized Chinese-Canadian history into seven distinct time periods and includes a photo gallery, historical information, a timeline, a historical summary and resources for further reading. 
Early Chinese-Canadians 1858-1947
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/chinese-canadians/index-e.html
This bilingual website includes the history of Canada’s early Chinese immigrants. Find out why they came to Canada and how they contributed to Canada’s developing economy, the community ties they formed, and how immigration policies and attitudes restricted their lives. Examine historical photographs, government documents, and letters about early Chinese immigrants in Canada. Watch a 1918 film clip of a funeral procession, listen to a 1905 recording of a Cantonese folksong, or learn about the head tax records.
Japanese Canadian History.net
http://www.japanesecanadianhistory.net/
The Japanese Canadian history website is mainly designed for teachers but there are also resources for students on the internment of Japanese Canadians from 1942 to 1949 and the attainment of redress in 1988. “Internment and Redress: The Story of Japanese Canadians” is a resource guide for teachers of grade 5 Social Studies, and “Internment and Redress: The Japanese Canadian Experience” is a resource guide for Social Studies 11 teachers.
Germany to Canada Migration
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Migrations/english/index.html
This online exhibition is the result of collaboration between several schools and museums in Germany and Canada and is meant to highlight nine themes of German migration to Canada from 1750 to 1975. The website includes narratives and many historical artefacts including photographs, maps, letters, and diaries that help reveal the shared history between the two nations.
In Quarantine: Life and Death on Grosse Île, 1832-1937
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/grosse-ile/index-e.html?PHPSESSID=g78vmard94688466cris3us9a2
By 1830, an average of 30,000 immigrants arrived annually in the City of Québec, the main port of entry to Canada, at a time when major cholera and smallpox epidemics were sweeping through Europe. In order to help control the spread of the diseases, the quarantine station at Grosse Île, located in the St. Lawrence River downstream from the City of Québec, was established in 1832 and operated until its closure in 1937. Library and Archives Canada has used the lists of births and deaths at sea, hospital registers, journals, letters, photographs and maps to tell the story not only of the quarantine station, but also of the individuals who experienced life on the island. 
New Brunswick Irish Portal: Irish Famine Migration to New Brunswick
http://archives.gnb.ca/Irish/Default.html
This bilingual portal tells the story of the Irish arrival and settlement in the province of New Brunswick and includes eleven galleries such as Ireland 1845-1852, The Passage Out, Across the Broad Atlantic, and Arrival. Each features a variety of letters, documents, photos, and artists’ conceptions.
Pier 21: Canada’s Immigration Museum, Online Story Collection
http://www.pier21.ca/research/collections/the-story-collection/online-story-collection/
This collection includes PDF copies of stories from immigrants and veterans who passed through Pier 21 and is divided into ten major categories: Immigrants, British Home Children, Veterans, War Brides, British Evacuee Children, Jewish War Orphans, Child Migrants, Displaced People and Refugees, Hungarian Revolution Refugees, Pier 21 Staff and Volunteer Stories.
Remembering Black Loyalists: Black Communities in Nova Scotia
http://museum.gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/
This online exhibit introduces the people, places, objects, events, and stories of the more than 3,000 Black persons who came to Nova Scotia as a direct result of the American Revolution between 1783 and 1785.
Saskatchewan Settlement Experience
http://sasksettlement.com/index.php
This website documents the history and settlement of Saskatchewan from 1870 to 1930. The history of Saskatchewan is presented through more than 2,000 records, including photographs, documents, maps, and audio and video files. The topics covered include Landscape, Aboriginal Peoples, Steps to a Homestead, Life on the Prairies, Agriculture, Labour, Transportation and Communication, Women, Education, and Religion. 
Canadian Historical Association
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/cha-shc/008004-111.01-e.php?q1=E&interval=100
The Canadian Historical Association developed a series of booklets which describe the experience of numerous ethnic groups. These booklets are archived on this website and include “Scots in Canada”, “Portuguese in Canada”, “Japanese in Canada”, etc...
The Canadian Historical Association also developed booklets about the development of Canadian provinces including “the making of the Maritime provinces”, “Newfoundland: A History”,etc... 
The Shamrock and the Maple Leaf: Irish-Canadian Documentary Heritage
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ireland/index-e.html
This is an online exhibition of Irish-Canadian documentary heritage held by Library and Archves Canada where you will discover photographs, letters, books, music, and other evidence of Ireland’s influence on Canadian history and culture.
Susanna Moodie and Catherine Parr Traill
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html
Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill are two of Canada’s most important 19th-century writers. In 1832 they immigrated with their Scottish husbands to Canada, where they recorded their lives as pioneers in books which remain famous to this day. Using original photographs and other illustrations, this website is designed to help students enter into the worlds of these two remarkable sisters.
Ties that Bind: Building the CPR, Building a Place in Canada
http://mhso.ca/tiesthatbind/index.php
The Ties That Bind: Building the CPR, Building a Place in Canada online virtual exhibit explores the history of the Chinese Canadians from their presence in Canada before Confederation, during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, through more than 60 years of legislated discrimination under the Head Tax and Exclusion Act, to the present. The website has been designed and written for a general audience as well as for teachers and students at the primary, middle and secondary school levels. There are two ways to explore the site: (1) through the histories of the railroad worker descendants by listening to audio segments, viewing image galleries, and reading biographical summaries or (2) through six themes such as Working Conditions, Head Tax, and Identity and Success. 
Under a Northern Star
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/northern-star/index-e.html
This website presents seven unique collections held at Library and Archives Canada that document the diverse historical experience of African Canadians and includes historical papers, photographs, and other documents that profile the life and work of people and groups who fought against slavery and racism to build settlements including Mary Ann Shadd Cary, James Douglas, Green Thurman, Black Loyalists, and the Africville settlement.
The Underground Railway Years: Canada in an International Arena
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/freedom/default.htm
This online exhibition provides background, history and context of the Underground Railway in Canada. Each section includes a narrative intertwined with some primary and secondary sources from this time period.
William Hind’s “Overlanders of ’62 Sketchbook”
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/hind/index-e.html
In 1862 artist WIlliam Hind joined the Overlanders, a group of gold seekers who crossed the Prairies in search of the gold fields of the Fraser and Cariboo regions. During the trip Hind produced a sketchbook documenting his travels and some of the difficulties the Overlanders faced on the undeveloped trails of the West. The 92 pages of his sketchbook retrace Hind’s journey across the Prairies.
Science and Technology:
Canadian Science and Technology Museum
http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/index.cfm
In the Collection, there are several sections with photographs of artefacts accompanied by text such as Artifact Spotlight and Picturing the Past. 
McCord Museum
http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/keys/webtours/groupID/1.5#group_1.5
The McCord has a vast collection of photographs and artefacts that you can search. It also has thematic tours, slide shows and video, on many themes including Science, Technology & Commerce.
Canadian Heroes
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/nlc-bnc/heroes_lore_yore_can_hero-ef/2001/h6-209-e.html
Heroes of Yore and Lore: Canadian Heroes in Fact and Fiction 
Provincial and Territorial Development
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3020-e.html
A detailed description about the development of each Province and Territory.